Janis Boettinger

Publications | Abstracts

• Boettinger, J.L, (2024). Navigating Export Control Compliance for United States-China Collaborations in Soil Science. ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting *
• Trenti, W., Boettinger, J.L, De Feudis, M., Vianello, G., Vittori Antisari, L., (2024). Soil Diversity and Ecosystem Services in the Northern Apennine Mountains (Italy): Tools for Managing a Fragile Environment. ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting *
• Boettinger, J.L, Schupp, E.W, (2024). Soils and Rare Plant Habitat in the Colorado Plateau. Western Coooperative Soil Survey Conference *
• Boettinger, J.L, Schupp, E.W, (2024). Soils and Rare Plant Habitat in the Colorado Plateau. Centennial Celebration and Congress of the International Union of Soil Sciences
• Hodges, R.C, Boettinger, J.L, (2022). Predicting the Extent of Andic Soils of Western Haleakala, Maui . ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting *
• Wells, A.F, Boettinger, J.L, DiBendetto, J., Houston, K., Mellman-Brown, S., Roberts, D., Williams, K., (2012). Ecological Type Classification and Mapping in the Beartooth Mountains and Wind River Range, Custer and Shoshone National Forests, MT and WY. 11th Biennial Scientific Conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: " Greater Yellowstone in Transition: Linking Science and Decision Making" *
• Boettinger, J.L, Brungard, C.W, Fonnesbeck, B.B, (2012). Soil Mapping and Assessment in Arid Lands: Increasing Aridity and Land-Use Intensity. America Society of Agronomy
• Grunwald, S., Boettinger, J.L, Thompson, J.A, (2012). The STEP-AWBH Space-Time Model for Digital Soil Mapping. Soil Science Society of America *
• Grunwald, S., Thompson, J.A, Minasny, B., Boettinger, J.L, (2012). Digital Soil Mapping in a Changing World. Digital Soil Assessments and Beyond: 5th Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping
• Brungard, C.W, Boettinger, J.L, (2012). Spatial prediction of biological soil crust classes: Value-added digital soil mapping from soil survey. Digital Soil Assessments and Beyond: 5th Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping
• Boettinger, J.L, Kelly, L.S, Fonnesbeck, B.B, (2012). Soil and Landscape Characteristics of Hesperidanthus suffrutescens. Utah Native Plant Society Annual Meeting *
• Boettinger, J.L, (2011). Soil-Plant-Landscape Relationships in Arid Ecosystems: Factors, Functions, and Feedbacks. Soil Science Solciety of America
• Brungard, C.W, Boettinger, J.L, (2011). Spatial Prediction of Biological Soil Crust and Ecological Site Classes In Canyonlands National Park. Soil Science Society of America *
• Brungard, C.W, Boettinger, J.L, (2011). Spatial Prediction of Soil Carbon In a Desert Wetland Using WorldView-2 Imagery and Lidar. Soil Science Soceity of America *
• Grunwald, S., Thompson, J.A, Boettinger, J.L, (2011). STEP-AWBH – A spatio-temporal soil modeling framework accounting explicitly for anthropogenic forcings. Soil Science Society of America *
• Carlisle, J., Szafruga, P., Mahat, V., Mace, B., Schreuders, K., Jones, S.B, Tarboton, D.G, Hipps, L.E, Boettinger, J.L, (2010). Instrumentation Enhancement and Data Processing at the T.W. Daniel Experimental Forest: A Drought Management Initiative Project. Western Snow Conference and Spring Runoff Conference
• Wills, S., Brungard, C., Boettinger, J.L, Nield, S., Leno, M., Duniway, M., (2010). Conditioned Latin Hypercube sampling to accomplish multiple research objectives in the Powder River Basin, WY. Soil Science Society of America Annual Meetings *
• Carlisle, J., Robinson, J., Suisse, J., Mahat, V., Jones, S.B, Tarboton, D.G, Hipps, L.E, Boettinger, J.L, (2008). Instrumentation and Measurement Facilities at the T.W. Daniel Experimental Forest: A Drought Management Initiative Project. Utah State University
• Abdu, H., Robinson, D.A, Boettinger, J.L, Seyfried, M., Jones, S.B, (2008). The Use of Geophysical Imaging to Identify Subsurface Soil Textural Patterns. Utah State University
• Robinson, J., Chandler, D.G, Jones, S.B, Tarboton, D.G, Boettinger, J.L, Hipps, L.E, (2007). A Developing Ecohydrological Instrument Network at the T.W. Daniel Experimental Forest. Utah State University
• Jones, S.B, Vinukollu , R., Boettinger, J.L, (2006). Determining optimal sensor depth for gradient-based flux estimates using measured subsurface CO2 concentrations. ASA
• Vinukollu, R., Jones, S.B, Boettinger, J.L, (2006). Development and validation of a measurement system for characterizing subsurface CO2 concentration profiles in soil. Western Regional Cooperative Soil Survey (WRCSS) and Western Society of Soil Science (WSSS)
• Van Miegroet, H., Boettinger, J.L, Baker, M.A, (2006). Soil organic carbon quality in wildland soils: What is it and why is it important?. 2006 Agronomy Abstracts (CD)
• Van Miegroet, H., Boettinger, J.L, Baker, M.A, (2004). Potential sensitivity of soil carbon in semi-arid forest-rangeland soils to climate change. 2004 Agronomy Abstracts (CD)
• Van Miegroet, H., Boettinger, J.L, Baker, M.A, (2003). Differences in stability of soil organic carbon in semi-arid rangeland-forest mosaics in Northern Utah, USA.
• Van Miegroet, H., Boettinger, J.L, Baker, M.A, Nielsen, J., (2003). Soil carbon distribution and quality in seasonally dry rangeland -forest mosaics in the Intermountain West.
• Bartsch, K.B, Van Miegroet, H., Boettinger, J.L, Dobrowolski, J., (1999). Using GIS to apply the Universal Soil Loss Equation at Camp Williams National Guard Base. 1999 Agronomy Abstracts:12
• Boettinger, J.L, (1997). Vertical zonality along an elevational transect, western Sierra Nevada, CA. Agronomy Abstracts, Madison, WI *
• Boettinger, J.L, (1996). Properties, Occurrences, and Environmental Applications of Zeolites. Agronomy Abstracts, Madison, WI *
• Boettinger, J.L, (1996). The effectiveness of clinoptilolite as a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer. Agronomy Abstracts, Madison, WI *
• Boettinger, J.L, (1994). Salorthids and related wet desert soils: Problems identifying hydric soils and aquic soil conditions. Agronomy Abstracts, Madison, WI *
• Boettinger, J.L, (1993). Pedogenesis on Pleistocene quartzite-rich moraines, north slope of the Uinta Mountains. Agromomy Abstracts, Madison, WI. p. 294 *
• Boettinger, J.L, (1992). Characteristics and genesis of smectite in some Alfisols and Vertisols, northeastern Australia. Agronomy Abstracts, Madison, WI *
• Boettinger, J.L, Schupp, E.W, Soils and Rare Plant Habitat in the Colorado Plateau. International Rangeland Congress 2025

An asterisk (*) at the end of a publication indicates that it has not been peer-reviewed.

Publications | Books

• Boettinger, J.L, Howell, D.W, Moore, A.C, Hartemink, A.E, Kienast-Brown, S., (2010). Digital soil mapping: Bridging research, environmental application, and operation. Springer Science+Business Media
• Boettinger, J.L, (2009). Digital Soil Mapping: Bridging Research, Environmental Application, and Operation. *
• Boettinger, J.L, (2008). Soil! Get the Inside Scoop. *
• Boettinger, J.L, (2008). Ecological Types of the Eastern Slope of the Wind River Range, Shoshone National Forest, Wyoming. General Technical Report *
• Boettinger, J.L, (1999). Field Trip Guidebook: Soils, geomorphology, geology, and vegetation of the western Colorado Plateau. Soil-Geomorphology Pre-Meeting Field Trip, Soil Science Society of America, 28-31 October *
• Boettinger, J.L, (1995). Zeolite occurrence in soils: An updated review. In D.W. Ming and F.A. Mumpton (ed.). Natural Zeolites '93: Occurrences, properties, use. International Committee on on Natural Zeolites *
• Boettinger, J.L, (1994). Biogenic opal as an indicator of soil mixing at the Alfisol-Vertisol boundary, NE Australia. In: A. Ringrose-Voase & G. Humphreys (eds.). Soil Micromorphology: Studies in Mgmt. and Genesis Develop. in Soil Sci. 22 *
• Boettinger, J.L, (1992). Genesis of a Red Alfisol-black Vertisol Complex. In: Soils of the Lower Burdekin Valley. Field guide for mid-conf. field trip. Intrl. Work. Mtg. on Soil Morphology, Townsville, Qld., Australia *

Publications | Book Chapters

• Boettinger, J.L, (2023). Alluvium and alluvial soils: Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment. Elsevier
• Kienast-Brown, S., Libohova, Z., Boettinger, J.L, (2017). Digital Soil Mapping: Soil Survey Manual. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service; US Government Printing Office
• Grunwald, S., Thompson, J.A, Minasny, B., Boettinger, J.L, (2012). Digital Soil Mapping in a Changing World: Digital Soil Assessments and Beyond. CRC Press/Balkema -- Taylor and Francis Group
• Brungard, C.W, Boettinger, J.L, (2012). Spatial prediction of biological soil crust classes: Value-added DSM from soil survey: Digital Soil Assessments and Beyond. CRC Press/Balkema -- Taylor and Francis Group
• Monger, H.C, Southard, R.J, Boettinger, J.L, (2011). Classification of Soils: Aridisols: Handbook of Soil Sciences, Second Edition. CRC Press
• Brungard, C.W, Boettinger, J.L, (2010). Application of conditioned Latin hypercube sampling in arid Rangelands in Utah, USA: Digital Soil Mapping: Bridging Research, Environmental Application, and Operation . Springer Science+Business Media
• st-Brown, S., Boettinger, J.L, (2010). Applying the Optimum Index Factor to Multiple Data Types for Soil Survey: Digital Soil Mapping: Bridging Research, Environmental Application, and Operation . Springer Science+Business Media
• Boettinger, J.L, (2010). Environmental covariates for digital soil mapping in the western USA: Digital Soil Mapping: Bridging Research, Environmental Application, and Operation . Springer Science+Business Media
• Stum, A.K, Boettinger, J.L, White, M.A, Ramsey, R., (2010). Random Forests applied as a soil spatial predictive model in arid Utah: Digital Soil Mapping: Bridging Research, Environmental Application, and Operation . Springer Science+Business Media
• Boettinger, J.L, (2009). Conditioned Latin Hypercube Sampling: Optimal Sample Size for Digital Soil Mapping in Arid Rangelands in Utah, USA. Digital Soil Mapping: Bridging Research, Envrionmental Application, and Production
• Boettinger, J.L, (2009). Environmental Covariates for Digital Soil Mapping in the Western USA. Digital Soil Mapping: Bridging Research, Environmental Application, and Operation
• Boettinger, J.L, (2009). Random Forests Applied as a Soil Spatial Predictive Model in Arid Utah. Digital Soil Mapping: Bridging Research, Environmental Application, and Operation
• Boettinger, J.L, (2009). Soils. Rangelands of Utah
• Boettinger, J.L, Ramsey, R., Stum, A.K, Kienast-Brown, S., Saunders, A.M, Cole, N.J, Bodily, J.M, (2008). Landsat spectral data for digital soil mapping: Digital Soil Mapping with Limited Data. Springer, Dordrecht
• Boettinger, J.L, (2008). Landsat Spectral Data for Digital Soil Mapping. Digital Soil Mapping with Limited Data
• Boettinger, J.L, (2008). Synthesis and Priorities for Future Work in Digital Soil Mapping. Digital Soil Mapping with Limited Data
• Boettinger, J.L, (2007). A Pedogenic Understanding Raster Classification Methodology for Mapping Soils, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA. Digital Soil Mapping: An introductory Perspective. Developments in Soil Science
• Boettinger, J.L, (2007). Incorporating Classification Trees into a Pedogenic Understanding Raster Classification Methodology, Green River Basin, Wyoming, USA. Digital Soil Mapping: An introductory perspective. Developments in Soil Science
• Boettinger, J.L, (2007). Land Cover Classification from Landsat Imagery for Mapping Dynamic Wet and Saline Soils. Digital Soil Mapping: An introductory perspective. Developments in Soil Science
• Boettinger, J.L, (2005). Alluvium and alluvial soils. Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment
• Boettinger, J.L, (2002). Calcification. In: R. Lal (ed.) Encyclopedia of Soil Science. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York
• Boettinger, J.L, (2002). Zeolites. In: J.B. Dixon and D.G. Schulze (ed.) Soil Mineralogy with Environmental Applications
• Boettinger, J.L, (2001). Saline and Wet Soils of Wetlands in Dry Climates. In: Richardson, J.L., and M.J. Vepraskas (ed.) Wetland Soils: Genesis, Hydrology Landscapes, and Classification
• Boettinger, J.L, (2001). Zeolites in Soil Environments. In: D.L. Bish and D.W. Ming (ed.) Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Applications. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry
• Boettinger, J.L, (1990). Micromorphology and mineralogy of a calcareous duripan formed in granitic residuum, Mojave Desert, California, USA. Soil micromorphology: A basic and applied science. Developments in Soil Science 19

An asterisk (*) at the end of a publication indicates that it has not been peer-reviewed.

Publications | Journal Articles

Academic Journal

• Hodges, R.C, Boettinger, J.L, Deenik, J.L, (2025). Pedogenesis of a coastal climosequence and a volcanic ash-influenced elevational transect of western Haleakalā, Maui. Soil Science Society of America, 89:5, e70119. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.70119
• Boettinger, J.L, (2024). Elemental trends and weathering indices to assess volcanic ash deposition on soil weathering status along Maui climosequences. Geoderma Regional, 39, e00872. doi: 10.1016/j.geodrs.2024.e00872
• Veblen, K.E, Nehring, K., Duniway, M., Knight, A., Fick, S., Monaco, T., Schupp, E.W, Boettinger, J.L, Villalba, J., Brungard, C., Thacker, E., (2022). Soil depth and precipitation moderate soil textural effects on survival of sagebrush plantings on the Colorado Plateau . Restoration Ecology, 30, e13700.
• Boettinger, J.L, Jacobson, A., Lawley, J.R, (2017). Selenium and salt mobilization in wetland and arid upland soils of Pariette Draw, Utah (USA). Geoderma, 305, 363-373. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.06.028
• Jones, C., Grossl, P.R, Amacher, M.C, Boettinger, J.L, Jacobson, A.R, Lawley, J.R, (2017). Selenium and Salt Mobilization in a Wetland and Arid Upland Soils of Pariette Draw, Utah (USA). . Geoderma, 305, 363-373. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.06.028
• Abdu, H., Robinson, D.A, Boettinger, J.L, Jones, S.B, (2017). Electromagnetic induction mapping at varied soil moisture reveals field-scale soil textural patterns and gravel lenses. Frontiers in Agricultural Science and Engineering, doi: DOI : 10.15302/J-FASE-2017143
• Baker, J.B, Fonnesbeck, B.B, Boettinger, J.L, (2016). Modeling rare endemic shrub habitat in the Uinta Basin using soil, spectral, and topographic data. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 80, 395-408. doi: doi:10.2136/sssaj2015.09.0349
• Brungard, C.W, Boettinger, J.L, Hipps, L.E, (2015). Wind Erosion Potential of Lacustrine and Alluvial Soils Before and After Disturbance in the Eastern Great Basin, USA: Estimating Threshold Friction Velocity Using Easier-to-Measure Soil Properties. Aeolian Research, 18, 185-203.
• Brungard, C.W, Boettinger, J.L, Duniway, M.C, Wills, S.A, Edwards, T.C, (2015). Machine learning for predicting soil classes in three semi-arid landscapes. Geoderma, 239-240, 68-83. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.09.019
• Boettinger, J.L, (2014). Vegetation geo-climatic zonation in the rocky mountains, Northern Utah, USA. Journal of Mountain Science, 11:3, 656-673. doi: 10.1007/s11629-013-2793-3
• Kusbach, A., Van Miegroet, H., Boettinger, J.L, Long, J.N, (2014). Vegetation geo-climatic zonation in the Rocky Mountains, northern Utah, USA. Journal of Mountain Science, 11:3, 656-673. doi: 10.1007/s11629-013-2793-
• Fonnesbeck, B.B, Boettinger, J.L, Lawley, J.R, (2013). Improving a Simple Pressure-Calcimeter Method for Inorganic Carbon Analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 77, 1553-1562. doi: doi:10.2136/sssaj2012.0381
• Grunwald, S., Thompson, J.A, Boettinger, J.L, (2011). Digital Soil Mapping & Modeling at Continental Scales – Finding Solutions for Global Issues. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 75, 1201-1213.
• Boettinger, J.L, (2007). Digitally Mapping Gypsic and Natric Soil Areas Using Landsat ETM Data. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 71, 245-252.
• Nield, S.J, Boettinger, J.L, Ramsey, R., (2007). Digitally Mapping Gypsic and Natric Soils Using Landsat and Topographic Data. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 71, 245-252.
• Boettinger, J.L, (2005). Soil carbon distribution and quality in a montane rangeland-forest mosaic in northern Utah. Forest Ecology and Management, 220:1-3, 284-299. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.017
• Boettinger, J.L, (2005). Canopy vs. soil effects of shrubs facilitating tree seedlings in Mediterranean montane ecosystems. Journal of Vegetation Science, 16, 191-198.
• Van Miegroet, H., Boettinger, J.L, Baker, M.A, Nielsen, J., Evans, D., Stum, A., (2005). Soil carbon distribution and quality in a montane rangeland-forest mosaic in Northern Utah.. Forest Ecology and Management, 220, 284-299.
• Boettinger, J.L, (2002). Improving efficiency and quality of soil survey documentation using a rapid GIS method. Soil Survey Horizons, 34, 39-43.
• Bartsch, K.P, Van Miegroet, H., Boettinger, J.L, Dubrowolski, J., (2002). Using empirical erosion models and GIS to determine erosion risk at Camp Williams, Utah. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 57:1, 29-37.
• Boettinger, J.L, (2002). Using empirical models and GIS to determine water erosion risk at Camp Williams, Utah. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 57, 29-37.
• Boettinger, J.L, Schupp, E.W, (1998). Soil Depth Assessment of Sagebrush Grazing Treatments Using Electromagnetic Induction. Journal of Range Management, 51:4, 469-474. doi: 10.2307/4003336
• Boettinger, J.L, (1998). Ammonium-loaded clinoptilolite: A slow-release fertilizer for sweet corn. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 21:515-530.
• Boettinger, J.L, (1998). Remotely-sensed regional scale evapotranspiration of a semi-arid Great Basin desert and its relationship to geomorphology, soils, and vegetation. Geomorphology, 21:329-352.
• Boettinger, J.L, (1997). Non-destructive assessment of rangeland soil depth to petrocalcic horizon using electromagnetic induction. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation, 11, 375-390.
• Boettinger, J.L, (1997). Soil development along an elevational transect in the western Sierra Nevada, California.. Geoderma, 78, 207-236.
• Boettinger, J.L, (1995). Phyllosilicate distribution and origin in Aridisols on a granitic pediment, western Mojave Desert. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 59, 1189-1198.
• Boettinger, J.L, (1991). Sources of silica and carbonate for Aridisols on a granitic pediment, western Mojave Desert.. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 55, 1057-1067.

Professional Journal

Public or Trade Journal

• Boettinger, J.L, (1994). Control of concentrated flow erosion in gypsiferous soils. Pedon News, 3(2), 12-Oct. *

An asterisk (*) at the end of a publication indicates that it has not been peer-reviewed.

Publications | MultiMedia

An asterisk (*) at the end of a publication indicates that it has not been peer-reviewed.

Publications | Technical Reports

Research Reports

• Boettinger, J.L, (1999). Summary of soil properties at Camp Williams National Guard Base, UT. Dept. of Forest Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT *
• Boettinger, J.L, (1996). Characterization of selected soils in Ashley National Forest sampled during the 1995 field season. Ashley Natl. Forest, Vernal Ranger District, Vernal, UT. 10 pp. *

Other Reports

• Wells, A.F, Boettinger, J.L, Houston, K.E, Roberts, D.W, (2015). Ecological Types of the Eastern Slope of the Wind River Range, Shoshone National Forest, Wyoming. US Deprtment of Agriculture Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station
• Van Miegroet, H., Bartsch, K.P, Boettinger, J.L, (1999). Summary of soil properties at Camp Williams, Utah National Guard Base, Utah. Report to Utah National Guard

An asterisk (*) at the end of a publication indicates that it has not been peer-reviewed.

Publications | Other

Magazine/Trade Publications

• Chakravorty , A., Boettinger, J.L, (2016). Conserving Endangered Plants by predicting habitat with soil, site data. CSA News *

Other

• Fonnesbeck, B.B, Boettinger, J.L, (2015). Digitial Soil Mapping Using Landscape Stratification for Arid Rangelands in the Eastern Great Basin, Central Utah. Utah State University *
• Brungard, C.W, Boettinger, J.L, (2014). Advancing Digital Soil Mapping and Assessment in Arid Landscapes. Utah State University *
• Stum, A.K, Boettinger, J.L, (2010). Random forests applied as a soil spatial predictive model in arid Utah. Utah State University
• Boettinger, J.L, (2009). Alternative Sampling and Analysis Methods for Digital Soil Mapping in Southwestern Utah. *
• Boettinger, J.L, (2008). Report from the 3rd Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping. Pedometron *
• Boettinger, J.L, (2008). 3rd Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping. IUSS Bulletin *
• Boettinger, J.L, (2008). Field Trip Guidebook: 3rd Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping. *
• Boettinger, J.L, (2008). Program and Abstracts: 3rd Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping. *
• Boettinger, J.L, (2005). Developing a digital soil survey update protocol at the Golden Spike National Historical Site. M.S. Thesis, Utah State University, Logan, UT *
• Boettinger, J.L, (2005). Incorporating classification tree analysis into the pedogenic understanding raster classification methodology, Green River Basin, Wyoming. M.S. Thesis, Utah State University, Logan, UT *
• Boettinger, J.L, (2004). A Pedogenic Understanding Raster Classification Model for Mapping Soils, Powder River Basin, Wyoming. MS Thesis, Dept. of Plants, Soils & Biometeorology *
• Boettinger, J.L, (2004). Using Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing to Map Rangeland Salinity Sources, Upper San Rafael, River, Utah. MS Thesis, Dept. of Plants, Soils & Biometeorology *
• Boettinger, J.L, (2003). Pedogenesis of clay lamellae in a semiarid environment, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. M.S. Thesis, Dept. of Plants, Soils & Biometeorology *
• Boettinger, J.L, (2003). Soil properties influence western harvester ant nest site density, Uintah and Piceance Basins, Utah-Colorado. M.S. Thesis *
• Boettinger, J.L, (2002). Soil survey using traditional and landscape analysis methods - Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. M.S. thesis, Dept. of Plants, Soils & Biometoerology *
• Boettinger, J.L, (1999). Dynamics of Irrigation-Induced and Saline Wet Soils, Central Utah. M.S. Thesis, Dept. of Plants, Soils & Biometeorology *
• Boettinger, J.L, (1997). Aquisalids (Salorthids) and other wet saline and alkaline soils: Problems identifying aquic conditions and hydric soils. In: M.J. Vepraskas and S.W. Sprecher (eds.) Aquic conditions and hydric soils: The problem soils *

An asterisk (*) at the end of a publication indicates that it has not been peer-reviewed.